Three large ocean currents are represented by proxy time series: the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO).We here show how proxies for the ...

In Antarctica, ice-core temperature has traditionally been regarded as a leading variable to carbon dioxide, CO⁠2 during the last 400,000years before present (B.P.). This finding is in contrast to most reports on global ...